Peace » peoplesworld

Syria: a multi-sided chess match

Conn Hallinan — Tue, 02 Apr 2013 12:12:00 -0400

In some ways the Syrian civil war resembles a proxy chess match between supporters of the Bashar al-Assad regime - Iran, Iraq, Russia and China - and its opponents - Turkey, the oil monarchies, the U.S., Britain and France. But the current conflict only resembles chess if the game is played with multiple sides, backstabbing allies, and conflicting agendas.

Take the past few weeks of rollercoaster politics.

Israel and Turkey

The blockbuster was the U.S.-engineered rapprochement between Israel and Turkey, two Washington allies that have been at loggerheads since Israeli commandos attacked a humanitarian flotilla bound for Gaza and killed eight Turks and one Turkish-American. When Tel Aviv refused to apologize for the 2010 assault, or pay compensation to families of the slain, Ankara froze relations and blocked efforts at any NATO-Israeli cooperation.

Under the prodding of President Obama, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu phoned his Turkish counterpart, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and buried the hatchet. The apology "was offered the way we wanted," Erdogan said, and added, "We are at the beginning of a process of elevating Turkey to a position so that it will again have a say, initiative and power, as it did in the past."

The détente will align both countries with much of Washington's agenda in the region, which includes overthrowing the Assad government, and isolating Iran. Coupled with a Turkish push to resolve the long simmering war between Ankara and its Kurdish minority, it was a "fantastic week for Erdogan," remarked former European Union policy chief Javier Solana.

It was also a slam dunk moment for the Israelis, whose intransigence over the 2010 incident and continued occupation of Palestinian and Syrian lands has left the country more internationally isolated than it has been in its 65 year history.

Israel's apology might lay the groundwork for direct intervention in Syria by NATO and Israel. In recent testimony before Congress, Admiral James Stavridis, the head of U.S. European Command and NATO's top commander, said that a more aggressive posture by the Obama administration vis-à-vis Syria "would be helpful in breaking the deadlock and bringing down the regime."

According to the Guardian (UK), Netanyahu raised the possibility of joint U.S.-Israeli air strikes against Syria, which Israel accuses of shifting weapons to its ally Hezbollah in Lebanon. There is no evidence that Syria has actually done that, and logic would suggest that the Assad regime is unlikely to export weapons when it is fighting for its life and struggling to overcome an arms embargo imposed on it by the EU and the UN. But Tel Aviv is spoiling for a re-match with Hezbollah, the organization that fought it to a standstill in 2006. "What I hear over and over again from Israeli generals is that another war with Hezbollah is inevitable," a former U.S. diplomat told the Guardian.

There is some talk among Israelis about establishing a "buffer zone" inside Syria to prevent Islamic groups becoming a presence on the border. A similar buffer zone established after Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon turned into a strategic disaster for Tel Aviv.

Admiral Stavridis suggested that a more aggressive posture would almost certainly not include using U.S. ground troops. According to former Indian diplomat M. K. Bhadrakumar, a more likely scenario would be for NATO air power to smash Assad's air force and armor - as it did Muammer Ghadafy's in Libya - and "if ground forces need to be deployed inside Syria at some stage, Turkey can undertake that mission, being a Muslim country belonging to NATO."

The Gulf monarchies

The Gulf monarchies - specifically Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Jordan - have increased arms shipments to the anti-Assad insurgents, and France and Britain are considering breaking the embargo and arming the Free Syrian Army. If this were a normal chess game, it would look like checkmate for Assad, Hezbollah, and Iran. But this game is three-dimensional, with multiple players sometimes pursuing different goals.

Qatar and Saudi Arabia are pouring what one American official called "a cataract of weaponry" into Syria, but the former apparently double-crossed the latter in a recent leadership fight in the Syrian National Coalition (SNC), the umbrella organization for the various groups fighting against the Damascus government. Qatar derailed Saudi Arabia's candidate for the SNC's prime minister and slipped its own man into the post, causing the organization's president, Ahmed Moaz al-Khatib, to resign. While most of the western media reported Khatib resigned because SNC was not getting enough outside help, according to As-Safir, the leading Arabic language newspaper in Lebanon, it was over the two big oil monarchies trying to impose their candidates on the Syrians.

Qatar ally Ghassan Hitto, a Syrian-American was anointed prime minister, causing a dozen SNC members to resign. The Free Syrian Army, too, says it will not recognize Hitto.

Khatib also objected to the Qatari move to form a Syrian government because it torpedoed last June's Geneva agreement that would allow Assad to stay on until a transitional government is formed. The Qatari move was essentially a statement that the Gulf monarchy would accept nothing less than an outright military victory.

Qatar is close to the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, while Saudi Arabia favors the more extremist Islamic groups, some with close links to al-Qaida, that the U.S. and the European Union have designated as "terrorist." Tension between extremist and more moderate insurgents broke into an open firefight Mar. 24 in the northern border city of Tal Abyad. The secular Farouq Battalions, which favors elections and a civil government, were attacked by the Jabhat al-Nusra, or Nusra Front, that wants to impose sharia law and establish an Islamic emirate. Four people were killed, and the leader of the Farouq Battalions was severely wounded.

The Nusra Front has also tangled with Kurdish groups in Syria's northwest, and its militias currently control much of the southern border with Iraq, Jordan, and the Golan Heights that borders Israel. It was the Nusra Front that recently kidnapped UN peacekeepers for several days and attacked Iraqi soldiers escorting members of the Syrian military who had fled across the border. There have also been clashes between secular and Islamic forces in the Syrian cities of Shadadeh and Deir el Zour.

The Turkish government backing of the Syrian insurgency is not popular among most Turks, and that has to concern Erdogan, because he is trying to alter Turkey's constitution to make it more executive-centered and to enable him to become the next president. Although he is currently riding a wave of popularity over the Kurdish ceasefire, that could erode if the Syria war drags on.

And without direct NATO-Israeli intervention there does not appear to be any quick end to the civil war in sight. Assad still has support from his minority ethnic group, the Alawites, as well as among Christian denominations and many business groups. All fear an Islamic takeover. "If the rebels come to this city," one wealthy Damascus businessman told Der Spiegel, "they'll eat us alive."

The longer the war goes on, the more the region destabilizes.

Fighting has broken out between Shiites and Sunnis in northern Lebanon, a Sunni-extremist fueled bombing campaign is polarizing Iraq, and Jordan is rent by an internal opposition that poses a serious threat to the Hashemite monarchy. Even Saudi Arabia has problems. A low-level but persistent movement for democracy in the country's eastern provinces is resisting a brutal crackdown by Saudi authorities. As National Public Radio and GlobalPost reporter Reese Erlich discovered, some of those regime opponents are being given a choice between prison and fighting the Assad government, a strategy that the Saudi government may come to regret. It was jihadists sent to oppose the Soviets in Afghanistan who eventually returned to destabilize countries in the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa, and who currently form the backbone of al-Qaida associated groups like the Nusra Front.

Aaron Zelin, Middle East expert and Fellow at the Washington Institute, told Erlich that fighters from Saudi Arabia, Libya, Tunisia, and Jordan are being funneled into Syria.

Chess with multiple players can get tricky.

Turkey wants regional influence and Assad out, but it does not want a neighbor dominated by the Gulf monarchies. It may also find that talking about Turkish "power" doesn't go down well in the Middle East. Arab countries had quite enough of that during the Ottoman Empire.

The Gulf monarchies want to overthrow the secular Assad regime, isolate regional rival Iran, and insure Sunni supremacy over Shiites in the region. But they don't agree on what variety of Islam they want, nor are they the slightest bit interested in democracy and freedom, concepts that they have done their best to suppress at home.

The French and British want a replay of Libya, but Syria is not a marginal country on the periphery of the Middle East, but a dauntingly complex nation in the heart of the region that might well atomize into ethnic-religious enclaves run by warlords. That is not an outcome that sits well with other European nations and explains their hesitation about joining the jihad against Assad.

Even the Israeli goal of breaking out of its isolation, destroying Hezbollah, and strangling Iran may be a pipe dream. Regardless of Turkish-Israeli detente, the barriers that keep Palestinians out of Israel also wall off Tel Aviv off from the rest of the Middle East, and that will not change until there is an Israeli government willing to remove most of the settlements and share Jerusalem.

As for Hezbollah, contrary to its portrayal in the western media as a cat's paw for Teheran, the Shiite group is a grassroots organization based in Lebanon's largest ethnic group. It is also being careful not to give the Israelis an excuse to attack it. In any case, any Israeli invasion of Lebanon would automatically rally international sentiment and Arab public opinion - Shiite, Sunni, Alawite, etc. - against it.

If Assad falls, Iran would lose an ally, but Teheran's closest friend in the Middle East is Baghdad, not Damascus. And despite strong American objections, Teheran recently scored a major coup by inking an agreement with Pakistan's government to build a $7.5 billion gas pipeline to tap Iran's South Pars field. The pact will not only blow a hole in western sanctions against Iran, it will play well in the May 11 Pakistani elections. "The Pakistani government wants to show it is willing to take foreign policy decisions that defy the U.S.," says Anthony Skinner of the British-based Maplecroft risk consultants. "The pipeline not only caters to Pakistan's energy needs but also logged brownie points with the many critics of the U.S. among the electorate."

In the end, the effort to knock Syria off the board may succeed, although the butcher bill will be considerably higher than the current body count of 70,000. But establishing a pro-western government in Damascus and inflicting damage on Iran is mostly illusion.

"Victory" - particularly a military one - is more likely to end in chaos and instability, and a whole lot more dead chess pieces.

Photo: JasonBrown2013 flickr CC-BT-NC 2.0

Around the U.S., protesting the appalling legacy of nuclear weapons

Marilyn Bechtel — Tue, 07 Aug 2012 15:18:00 -0400

LIVERMORE, Calif. - Though more recent issues of ending the Afghanistan and Iraq wars and keeping the U.S. from engaging in new ones may make more headlines, the decades-old goal of winning worldwide complete nuclear disarmament remains an urgent peace movement concern which is supported by a strong majority of Americans.

That concern was foremost in the minds of some 200 protesters who gathered here Aug. 5 to mark the 67^th anniversaries of the U.S. nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Demonstrators gathered in a grassy park near the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - one of several facilities around the country designing and maintaining the U.S. nuclear arsenal - before marching to the lab's gates to symbolically "Foreclose on the Bomb, Not the People," hanging colorful plastic chains and locks across the fencing.

Speaking at the park, Tara Dorabji of Tri-Valley CAREs (Tri-Valley Communities against a Radioactive Environment) reminded the crowd that while they were among hundreds of thousands around the world commemorating the twin anniversaries, they also occupied a special place.

"Every nuclear weapon in the U.S. arsenal was created and designed by an employee of the University of California, either at this lab or at the sister lab in Los Alamos, N.M.," she said. "So being here, and saying No to nuclear weapons, is being at the brain, the center of the complex."

Michael Eisenscher, national coordinator of U.S. Labor against the War, pointed out that the U.S., which is the only country to use nuclear weapons in combat, today "maintains the capability to repeat the crime on an even greater scale ... that could lead to the extinction of the human race and many other species." He urged the U.S. government to "set an example for other nuclear powers" by committing to a national policy of demilitarizing U.S. foreign policy and achieving global nuclear disarmament "at the fastest possible pace."

Among other speakers were Hiroshima A-bomb survivor Takashi Tanemori, who shared his heart-rending story of being orphaned by the bomb at age eight, Andy Lichterman of Western States Legal Foundation, and Natalia Mironova of Russia's Movement for Nuclear Safety.

Later, outside the lab gates, four protesters were cited and released after committing nonviolent civil disobedience.

Protests around the country got off to an early start as three activists calling themselves "Transform Plowshares" slipped past four perimeter fences July 28 at the Y-12 nuclear facility at Oak Ridge, Tenn. They walked for two hours through a "use of deadly force authorized" area before reaching the newly built Highly-Enriched Uranium Manufacturing Facility deep within the complex. There they attached two banners to pillars of the building, stringing red crime tape between them.

The three - Sister Megan Rice, 82, Greg Boertje-Obed, 57, and Michael Walli, 63 - were arrested and charged with felony counts of vandalism and trespass. After several days' detention, they were released pending their next court appearance on Aug. 9.

At a third national center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, protesters also held a weekend of actions. Slated to speak at an Aug. 5 rally was 48-year-old hunger striker Alaric Balibrera, one of about 30 anti-nuclear-weapons hunger strikers around the country.

Balibrera, who started his hunger strike July 16, on the 67^th anniversary of the first atomic bomb test in Socorro County, N.M., told Albuquerque's Journal North that his father had been documentarian at the lab and he grew up "watching the image of mushroom clouds projected on our living room wall."

Besides the specter of nuclear annihilation, Balibrera said, he is concerned about the contamination that has killed untold numbers of uranium miners, nuclear weapons workers and people living downwind of nuclear activities.

Photo: Marilyn Bechtel/PW

VIDEO Iraq & Afghanistan vets: why NATO can have my medals

John Bachtell, Teresa Albano — Wed, 23 May 2012 11:44:00 -0400

CHICAGO -- U.S. veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars threw their medals towards the site of the NATO Summit May 20 in what was called the most dramatic antiwar action by ex-GIs since Vietnam. One-by-one, 45 service members from all branches of the military took to the stage to tell their stories while thousands of anti-NATO protesters listened and cheered.

Now you can hear many of them too in the video below, and read the story here.

Photo: Iraq vet and Occupy Oakland activist Scott Olsen takes the stage. Olsen was almost killed last year by Oakland police when they fired a tear gas canister into the crowd and it struck Olsen in the head. (PW/Teresa Albano)

Oil in the balance in Sudan-South Sudan war

Emile Schepers — Mon, 30 Apr 2012 13:13:00 -0400

A full scale war may be developing between two key oil-producing countries in Africa, Sudan and South Sudan. Both countries, among the poorest in the world, are significant oil producers, but for South Sudan to get its oil to world markets, it must send it through pipelines that go through hundreds of miles of Sudanese territory. This factor is one of several which have led to the present fighting, in which China, both countries' main oil purchaser, now has a major stake.

Sudan got independence from the British in 1956. After a conservative government was ousted, the Sudanese government became a tense secular alliance between a nationalist officer, General Gaafar Nimeiry, the Sudanese Communist Party (at the time one of the largest communist parties in Africa) and others.

However, around 1971 Nimeiry started to take the country in an increasingly authoritarian and right wing direction. The communists balked, and there was a coup attempt involving some communist officers. Nimeiry turned on them with violent repression. He then imposed Sharia law and established a dictatorship which lasted until he was overthrown in 1986.

Meanwhile, oil was discovered in Sudan in 1978. The efforts of Nimeiry and his successors to clamp down on South Sudan, whose population is different in religion and culture from the rest of the country, developed into a long running guerilla war.

The current Sudanese president, Omar Hassan Al Bashir, came to power in a military coup in 1989 and has run a repressive regime. He is currently under an order of arrest by the International Criminal Court because of atrocities his forces are accused of in the Darfur conflict, in the Western Sudan.

After decades of war between the Khartoum government and Southern Sudanese guerrillas, a peace agreement was brokered in 2005 which established the borderline between South Sudan and the rest of the country as the regional border that existed in 1956, at independence The peace agreement led to a plebiscite in which 99 percent of the people in the South voted to become an independent state. The new Republic of South Sudan was proclaimed in 2011, with Salva Kiir as President.

But the situation created by the independence of South Sudan is far from stable.

The oil resources, which were supposed to be everybody's ticket away from grinding poverty, have instead become a major focus of conflict. The major reserves, blocked off as concessions to foreign enterprises, are spread out along the borderline of the two Sudans. Most of the reserves and pumping facilities are on the South Sudan side, but to get the oil to market, it must be sent through pipelines which cross into Sudan and then slant northeastward, running nearly 1000 miles to Port Sudan on the Red Sea. It was agreed that South Sudan and Sudan would split oil profits on some yet to be agreed upon basis, partly by fees to be paid by South Sudan for the use of the pipelines.

But South Sudan accuses Sudan of trying to rake off more profits than what it is entitled to. So in January of this year, the government of South Sudan's President Salva Kiir stopped pumping oil into the Sudanese pipeline, a potentially severe economic blow to both countries. Meanwhile, South Sudan has been promoting a plan which involves the running of a pipeline southeastward through Kenya to the Indian Ocean, which would potentially leave Sudan bereft of oil revenues.

The town of Heglig, which South Sudan calls Panthou, is an important production center smack on the border and claimed by both countries. When an arbitration body awarded it to Sudan, the Khartoum government decided that South Sudan should have no share in the oil profits from Heglig.

Both Sudans are complex ethnic and religious patchworks, and there are several armed groups in Sudan who are opposed to the government of Al Bashir. Some of them had been fighting in the rebel army of Kiir and his predecessor, John Garang. When South Sudan became independent, armed groups with links to South Sudan remained active against Al Bashir's government in the North. On the other hand, Kiir accuses Bashir's government of maintaining armed groups in South Sudan, and of having supported the notorious bandit Joseph Kony and his "Lord's Resistance Army".

So it was no surprise when fighting broke out on April 10. Quickly, South Sudan troops invaded and captured Heglig, and announced that they were going to keep it. Bashir's armed forces retaliated with bombing raids which went deep into South Sudan, causing both military and civilian casualties. Bashir said he was going to wipe out the "insects" that constitute the South Sudan leadership.

This is a serious matter for China, a major investor in both Sudanese and South Sudanese oil and gas production. More than 1.7 million barrels of oil are shipped to China from the two Sudans yearly, or 6 percent of China's oil imports. Now the pipelines in Sudan stand empty and some of the infrastructure in Heglig apparently lies in smoldering ruins after Sudanese areal bombardments and the withdrawal of South Sudanese troops. President Kiir insists that Heglig belongs to South Sudan, and on Friday sharply criticized the African Union and others for not taking South Sudan's part on that issue.

On Thursday, Kirr went to Beijing to consult with the Chinese leadership, and to solicit help for the construction of the alternative pipeline through Kenya. The Chinese government, for its part, appears not to have committed to the Kenya pipeline, and issued a cautiously worded statement calling for an end to fighting and a peaceful solution, a stance echoed by the United States and the African Union also. The situation is seen as a regional danger; Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni has suggested his country may intervene militarily if Sudan fully invades South Sudan.

Meanwhile, Al Bashir's government in Sudan is trying to silence domestic criticism. On April 24, authorities confiscated the entire print run of Al Midan, the newspaper of the Sudanese Communist Party, evidently because of its criticism of the belligerent way al Bashir has stoked the confrontation with South Sudan. This is not the first time. A year ago, the government arrested 10 Al Midan staff members and only released them after major outcry. This time, a government spokesman practically accused the communists and other opposition parties of treason for allegedly being slow to denounce the South's seizure of Heglig. The action is a classic example of how governments like those of Al Bashir use war situations to clamp down on domestic dissent.

Photo: UNAMID peacekeepers patrol near trucks loaded with new arrivals of displaced Sudanese at a refugee camp outside the Darfur town of al-Fasher, Sudan. (Nasser Nasser/AP)

Afghanistan "strategic partnership" is bad news

PW Editorial Board — Tue, 24 Apr 2012 12:35:00 -0400

The initialing of a draft strategic partnership agreement between the U.S. and Afghanistan April 22 foreshadows American military involvement stretching at least a decade beyond the Obama administration's projected 2014 withdrawal of combat troops, and perhaps indefinitely.

The reportedly sketchy agreement was concluded ahead of the NATO summit in Chicago next month. There, the U.S.-led military alliance is expected to make decisions about its support for Afghan security forces after 2014.

The pact now goes to Presidents Obama and Karzai, and to Congress and the Afghan parliament. A follow-on agreement with details about the U.S. security presence is expected within the next year.

This agreement is very bad news both in Afghanistan and here at home.

Over a decade of U.S. military involvement in the country, many thousands of civilians have been killed by U.S. and NATO forces as well as by insurgents. Masses of civilians have been uprooted from their homes, their livelihoods destroyed. The refugee children who froze to death last winter are symbolic of the situation.

U.S. soldiers have committed crimes, both known and untold, against the Afghan people.
Over 1,900 U.S. soldiers have died in Afghanistan, and many thousands more have been wounded. And here at home, hundreds of billions of dollars that could have helped jump-start recovery from the economic crisis and aided millions driven into poverty have been drained away to pay for the conflict.

Polls show over two-thirds of Americans think the war should end.

A fightback against the threat of perpetual military engagement in Afghanistan has been under way in Congress and beyond for years. U.S. Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Calif., last year introduced HR 780 to limit military spending there to what's needed to bring all the troops and contractors home. The measure now has 70 co-sponsors.

A bipartisan group of 24 senators led by Max Baucus, D-Mont. and Jeff Merkley, D-Ore., last month told President Obama in a letter: "It is time to bring our troops home from Afghanistan."

Last year the Senate passed, and the House of Representatives almost passed, measures requiring a plan to speed up withdrawal of U.S. forces from Afghanistan.

A counter-summit in Chicago, May 18-19, will let all participants in the NATO summit know we demand all U.S. and NATO troops leave Afghanistan speedily.

Now's the time to let our representatives in Congress know we support all these efforts, and to tell President Obama we want U.S. troops home from Afghanistan as soon as possible!

Photo: An Afghan street boy collects plastic bottles and other items as a firewood substitute at a garbage dump in the city of Jalalabad east of Kabul, Afghanistan, April 21, 2012, Rahmat Gul/AP

Protesters shut down recruiting center

Marilyn Bechtel — Tue, 03 Apr 2012 10:58:00 -0400

FREMONT, Calif. - Over 100 demonstrators, including many from this city's large Afghan American community, shut down its military recruiting center in a non-violent action March 30 as they protested the killing of 17 civilians by a U.S. soldier earlier in the month and other atrocities against Afghan civilians, and demanded an end to nearly eleven years of war.

The protest, organized by Afghans for Peace and Iraq Veterans against the War, was joined by others from Fremont's Afghan American community - the largest in the U.S. - and from San Francisco Bay Area Occupy movements and peace organizations. Demonstrators carried posters with photos of the civilians killed March 11, and placards bearing their names.

"Everything is intertwined with power and money and resources," Afghans for Peace member and college student Abass Darab told the crowd as demonstrators blocked the recruiting station's entrances.

Just as Native Americans were forced off their lands over resources, he said, the U.S. is in Afghanistan, "treating people the way we're treating them, because they have natural gas, they have minerals. None of the wars that are happening today have been without a huge impact on resources that are available in those countries.

"Everyone has to wake up and stand up against this," Darab said. "We have to realize they are a minority. The minority has a lot of money but we have numbers and we have power."

Citing the latest polls showing growing majorities, including Republicans, opposing the Afghanistan war, Vietnam veteran Francis Grinnon of Veterans for Peace called on participants to "reach out to the millions of Americans who oppose this war ... We need an independent, mass anti-war movement. We have to go out and do the work and build the movement."

Other speakers drew parallels between the atrocities against Afghan civilians and the murder last month of Florida teenager Trayvon Martin.

Afghans in the crowd echoed the speakers' calls for a speedy end to the war. Said one young woman, a high school senior, "America needs to start solving its own problems. You can't go into another country and solve their problems. The soldiers are making it worse."

Harun Arsalai emphasized that there is no military solution. "The people, not the puppets, need to be in power," he said. "No corrupt leaders, no U.S., no Taliban. Afghanistan is the most fertile country in the world, yet people are starving there, and hundreds of thousands are dying."

Arsalai's father, Mohammad Arsalai, who emigrated from Afghanistan, said, "Everything is being destroyed. The U.S. and the U.S. puppets are destroying all the villages."

The latest opinion polls are showing a big drop in U.S. backing for the war. A New York Times/CBS News poll taken March 21-25 found 69 percent thought the U.S. shouldn't be fighting in Afghanistan, up from 53 percent in November. That view was shared by 60 percent of Republicans, with 40 percent saying the U.S. should leave before the end of 2014, when the Obama administration has projected all troops should leave.

A Washington Post/ABC News poll found 60 percent saying the war was not worth fighting, while a Pew Research Center poll found 57 percent saying U.S. troops should come home as quickly as possible.

Meanwhile, reports from Afghanistan continue to allege that more than one soldier was involved in the March 11 killings. Children who witnessed the attack have reportedly spoken of soldiers carrying lights and standing in yards or entering houses, while village elders reported boot prints of several soldiers in the area, and helicopters hovering overhead during the attacks.

Photo: Marilyn Bechtel/PW

Veterans, families mark 9th anniversary of Iraq War

Marilyn Bechtel — Tue, 20 Mar 2012 13:22:00 -0400

SAN FRANCISCO -- Veterans, family members and peace activists gathered at Civic Center Plaza March 19 -- the ninth anniversary of the start of the Iraq war -- to pay tribute to the thousands of soldiers and many thousands of civilians killed and injured in that war and to demand the U.S. leave Afghanistan and refrain from future wars.

Stretching down the center of the plaza was a display of 481 pairs of combat boots, each representing a California soldier who died in Iraq. The display, Eyes Wide Open, was inaugurated by the American Friends Service Committee in 2004. The California portion of the display has traveled the state; this was its final appearance.

Speaker after speaker, many wearing the tee-shirts of Iraq Veterans against the War, called for proper care for the war's veterans, many of whom suffer the "invisible wounds" of post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury as well as physical injuries.

Michael Blecker, executive director of Swords to Plowshares, a community-based veterans service organization providing wraparound care to San Francisco Bay Area veterans, pointed out that Iraq war veterans face unemployment rates 42 percent higher than non-vets, and a quarter of them suffer a military-related disability - far higher than the 13 percent rate for all veterans.

"Aren't we war weary enough?" he asked. "As a society, haven't we had enough of war? The best thing we can do is end this war, and make sure the society understands what the true costs of war really are."

Gazing out at the rows of boots, Iraq veteran Scott Olsen told the crowd, "I walked through here and picked out some of the names I knew. They committed selfless acts of war because they thought it would make our country better, Iraq better. But they were misled."

Last fall Olsen made national headlines when he was gravely injured by police during an Occupy Oakland protest.

"These wars are bankrupting our country morally and financially," he said. "We can try to build a better future now by ending these wars."

Iraqi student Farah Muhsin, with the Iraqi Student Project, recounted the ongoing consequences of the war in her country, including soaring unemployment, rampant corruption, millions of refugees living in dire conditions, control of the country's domestic life by militias and continuing Al Qaida actions.

"Just because there aren't any American troops inside this country doesn't mean the invasion is over," she said. "The existence of American corporations and private contracting companies, as well as the creation of the biggest American embassy in the world - these are examples of the hidden invasion of our country."

Also speaking were Ryan Hollerman, an active duty soldier from Fort Hood, and Paula and Ruben Santos, parents of a soldier who committed suicide after returning from Iraq.

The ceremony opened with the reading of the names of the California soldiers who died in Iraq, and a fraction of the Iraqi civilians killed in the war. It closed with a nearly two-hour-long peaceful blockade of Polk St., in front of San Francisco City Hall. No arrests were made.

Photo: Marilyn Bechtel/PW

U.S. mum on humanitarian visit for Cuban 5 prisoner

Teresa Albano — Mon, 05 Mar 2012 13:14:00 -0500

The lawyer for Rene Gonzalez, one of the Cuban 5 political prisoners held in the United States, filed an emergency motion in federal court Feb. 24 seeking a two-week humanitarian visit to Havana to visit his brother who reportedly is seriously ill with cancer.

"Travel for Rene is not for political purposes, but purely on humanitarian grounds," said Gonzalez's lawyer Phil Horowitz on a media teleconference March 2.

Gonzalez is on probation in Florida until 2014. However, Horowitz said courts previously have allowed temporary releases to visit a loved one in another country.

Horowitz said he has successfully petitioned for other clients in similar circumstances. "I have filed a request for a U.S. citizen on supervised release to go to Colombia," he said.

So far the court has not responded. The judge, Joan A. Lenard, can take as much time as she needs to rule.

Horowitz insisted that Gonzalez would return to the U. S. after the two-week visit to finish up his supervised release sentence. He said Gonzalez would not want to be an "international pariah" nor would he want the other Cuban 5 prisoners to suffer the consequences if he broke the law.

Another Cuban 5 prisoner, Antonio Guerrero, is due to be released in four years, and is also a dual citizen who may be in a similar situation as Gonzalez.

"We want to have Rene show a shining example on what can and can't be done. He doesn't want to do anything negative that would reflect upon Tony and his release," said Horowitz.

The public is urged to contact the White House at 202-456-1111 and urge the president to allow Gonzalez to return to Cuba for two weeks as a humanitarian gesture.

For more information on the case of the Cuban Five and the international campaign to free them click here.

Photo: Rene Gonzalez, center. (AP)

New U.S. military strategy: concerns and a ray of hope

Marilyn Bechtel — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 13:58:00 -0500

The Defense Department's new strategic guidance, "Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21^st Century Defense," released this month offers a modest foothold in the struggle to reverse the ever-upward swing of U.S. military spending. It takes into account new realities at home and abroad.

Those who believe U.S. security can be best won through a foreign policy of peace and cooperation will use these changes to work for a much more profound downsizing of our country's military footprint and a shift of resources to civilian needs.The document unveiled Jan. 5 by Defense Secretary Leon Panetta and President Obama moves away from long boots-on-the-ground wars and from earlier U.S. administrations' emphasis on Europe and Russia. It somewhat moderates earlier documents' aggressive tone.

Along with a cutback in military forces, it moves away from the idea that the U.S. can fight two wars at the same time. (It projects instead one war and smaller operations.) Cuts may take place in the U.S. nuclear arsenal. But it also confirms developments that have been in the works for some time. Along with a shift toward greater use of "special operations," drones and similar means, a move is taking place toward a new cold war with China. Citing a "changing geopolitical environment" and "our changing fiscal circumstances," the document sets out the "projected security environment and the key military missions" as a "blueprint for the Joint Force in 2020."

U.S. military forces are to "protect" a "global commons" of sea, air and space - "those areas beyond national jurisdiction that constitute the vital connective tissue of the international system"- where goods must circulate freely to ensure "global security and prosperity."
The new focus is on the Asia-Pacific region and most especially the South China Sea, the transit route for most oil going to Asian nations.
U.S. influence in the area is to be a top priority in the face of "China's emergence as a regional power."

Calling China - and Iran - "sophisticated adversaries" who will seek to counter U.S. global reach with electronic and cyber warfare and other "asymmetric" means, the document calls for better missile defenses, a new stealth bomber, and gaining "critical space-based capabilities."
The Chinese weren't slow to respond. In an editorial the next day,the government publication People's Daily Online said, " The U.S. must realize that it cannot stop the rise of China and that being friendly to China is in its utmost interests."
Citing "economic competition" as the arena in which the two nations should engage, People's Daily said, "China should try to avoid a new cold war with the U.S., but by no means should it give up its peripheral security in exchange for the U.S.' ease in Asia."
Indeed, the intertwining of the two economies - and the unwisdom of the U.S. stirring up a hornet's nest with China - is shown by the fact that China, the largest foreign holder of U.S. government securities, now holds one-eighth of all U.S. public debt.

Some commentators have also wryly noted that if deprived of Chinese-made components, much U.S. high tech equipment would quickly become non-functional.

Of course, the interest in the Asia Pacific region isn't new. As international affairs commentator Conn Hallinan notes, the U.S. has been engaged in the area for over a century, and has a broad network of bases and more military personnel there than any nation except China.
Another noteworthy aspect of the new defense guidance is its emphasis on space-based and cyber capabilities.

The document says "reliable information and communication networks and assured access to cyberspace and space" are vital to modern armed forces, and investment in "advanced capabilities" is essential for "resiliency in cyberspace and space."

A rising tide of allegations has focused on Chinese cyber attacks. But in another article,Hallinan suggests the issue may be reminiscent of the "bomber gap" and "missile gap" of old U.S.-Soviet Cold War days, that served to fuel up U.S. military industries.

In other areas, the guidance says U.S. will partner with Gulf Cooperation Council countries including Saudi Arabia to keep Iran from getting nuclear arms and destabilizing the region, and of course will support Israel's "security."

The U.S. will work with NATO on a "Smart Defense" cooperative approach to "21^st century challenges."

Though military and diplomatic efforts will seek to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the document doesn't talk about nuclear disarmament, which Washington has long pledged to pursue.

The practical implications of all this will be seen in 2013 budget projections to be unveiled later this month.
But expected cutbacks, compared to earlier projections, come to $450 billion over the next decade, with another $500 billion called for under last summer's Budget Control Act.
Critics from the right say they fear deteriorating U.S. capabilities. At the same time, many experts say the cuts are far smaller than those many other government programs face, and much smaller than 20^th century military cutbacks.

And in fact, President Obama acknowledged last week that while growth will be slower, the military budget will still grow over the next decade. Even with the cuts, he said, U.S. military spending will still be greater than that of the next 10 countries combined.
These are contradictory developments, but they hold new possibilities to work for real security at home and abroad.

Photo: A US flag is flown at half staff behind a Navy memorial statue of a homecoming in Virginia Beach , Va., Aug. 8, 2011. Navy Seal Team Six whose team members were involved in a helicopter crash in Afghanistan, is based in Virginia Beach. Steve Helber/AP

Postal union workers to stage hundreds of rallies Sept. 27

John Wojcik — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 11:15:00 -0400

SEATTLE - In every congressional district across America postal workers will rally with their allies on Tuesday, September 27 in a fight to save the nation's mail delivery service.

The unprecedented actions are the result of close collaboration among the National Association of Letter Carriers, the American Postal Workers Union, the National Postal Mailhandlers Union and the National Rural Letter Carriers Association, according to Bob James, president of the Washington State Letter Carriers.

"We're rallying in every single district to make the point that only Congress can fix the difficulties facing the U.S. Postal Service," James said.

Postal workers expect wide support in what they see as a battle to save a national treasure that serves every American and every business. Private corporations interested in getting their hands on this national treasure, according to James, are behind the claims that the Postal Service is broke, that it loses billions of dollars a year delivering the mail and that it will require a huge taxpayer bailout. "The privatizers would love to chop this all up and grab whatever they can," he said.

He sees proposals to slash services, close thousands of post offices and fire hundreds of thousands of postal employees as the first step in this process. "These types of measures," James said, "will weaken communities, hurt our economy and could even destroy altogether our only universal communications and delivery network."

James said the national "day of action" on Sept. 27 will get the word out on several important facts. "The truth," he said, "is nothing like what so many people have been led to believe."

The first myth that has to be dispelled, according to James, is that the Postal Service is somehow draining taxpayers. "The Postal Service hasn't used a dime of taxpayer money in 30 years," he said.

James also takes issue with those who disparage the quality of work done by postal employees. "Customer satisfaction and on-time deliveries are at record levels," he said, "labor productivity has doubled and, for six years running, the American people have named postal employees as the most-trusted federal workers.

Fact checks corroborate James' claims.

Despite the worst recession in 80 years, the Postal Service has, over the last four years, earned a $611 million net profit delivering the mail.

James said the $20 billion in postal losses Republicans in Congress have been talking about has "nothing to do with the mail but is the result of a 2006 congressional mandate that the Postal service pre-fund future retiree health benefits for the next 75 years and do so within ten years - a burden no other agency or company in the world must face."

He said the cost of that mandate accounts for 100 percent of the agency's so-called red ink.

James warns that if a "dysfunctional" Congress fails to take the steps necessary to correct the problem, service cuts will be forced on everyone.

He said he was calling on "all Americans, including small business owners, the elderly, rural residents and those in need of medicine" to turn out for the rallies.

"We cannot afford at this time to lose hundreds of thousands of jobs," he said, "and a network that links the entire country and supports communities in so many ways."

He said no one should buy into talk about the inevitability of cuts. "It's not too late. Despite those who say the cuts are inevitable, we can still save the Saturday deliveries and so much more. Congress has within its power to fix this problem so let's make sure they do."

Photo: Creative Commons 2.0

Sept. 11, 2001 archives: Coalition develops to protect civil liberties

Judith Le Blanc, Teresa Albano — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 17:26:00 -0400

On Tuesday, Sept. 11, 2001, only a few members of the then-People's Weekly World staff were in the lower Manhattan editorial office when the airplanes hit the Twin Towers at 8:46 a.m. and 9:03 a.m. They worked under extraordinary conditions to meet the Wednesday deadline and produce a newspaper that week. It was a four-page edition that contained a statement from the Communist Party USA condemning the terrorist attacks, and praising the first-responders and their heroism. Despite attempts to locate that issue, it is lost to history, a much lesser victim of the aftermath of 9/11.

In the following People's Weekly World issues, reporters worked to gather responses to the crisis by the people who rushed to help at New York City's Ground Zero, as well as at the Pentagon and Shanksville, Pa. Many of the people interviewed urged a firm response to the culprits behind the terrorist attacks, but not for the "war on terror" advocated by the Bush administration. PeoplesWorld.org republishes these stories here as part of commemorating the 10^th anniversary of that tragic day.

(Sept. 29, 2001) - As a part of the "war on terrorism" Attorney General John Ashcroft has proposed sweeping changes for law enforcement and the intelligence agencies, allowing them more power at the expense of hard-won democratic and Constitutional rights.

Ashcroft's proposed legislation comes after the Senate's hasty passage of the "Combating Terrorism Act" on the evening of Sep. 13 with less than 30 minutes of consideration on the Senate floor.

Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.) responded to this fast tracking of proposals on the floor of the Senate this week. "Do we really show respect to the American people by slapping something together, something that nobody on the floor can explain," he asked, and say we are changing the duties of the attorney general, the director of the CIA, the U.S. attorneys ... we are going to change your rights as Americans, your right to privacy?" Leahy said. "We are going to do it with no hearings, no debate."

More than 150 national organizations and 300 law professors have come together to urge Congress to slow down this legislative process in order to guarantee democratic and civil liberties. The coalition, initiated by the Center for Democracy and Technology, endorsed a 10-point statement entitled, "In Defense of Freedom at a Time of Crisis."

"We need to consider proposals calmly and deliberately with a determination not to erode the liberties and freedoms that are at the core of the American way of life," the statement said. "We should resist the temptation to enact proposals in the mistaken belief that anything that may be called anti-terrorist will necessarily provide greater security."

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) challenged Ashcroft's proposals in a Sept. 25 statement, saying he "has asked Congress to adopt far-reaching legislation that would include provisions to vastly expand federal law enforcement authority without demonstrating how such laws would make us safer."

Ashcroft is asking Congress to allow governmental powers that many claim are in direct contradiction to basic privacy rights, civil liberties and the Constitution.

These would include increases in electronic surveillance, holding immigrants suspected of terrorism for an indefinite period without charges and seizure of property suspected in terrorist activity. These measures are without judicial oversight.

The coalition statement also reflects the concerns many have about the targeting of immigrants, especially Arab Americans, that might come out of Ashcroft's initiatives.

"We affirm the right of peaceful dissent, protected by the First Amendment, now, when it is most at risk," the coalition statement said. "We must have faith in our democratic system and our Constitution, and in our ability to protect at the same time both the freedom and the security of all Americans."

Rep. John Conyers (D-Mich.), the ranking Democrat on the House Judiciary Committee, responded to Ashcroft's requests in a Washington Post article. "The keys to success in developing anti-terrorism legislation will be balance and prudence," Conyers wrote.

"History has taught us that we should not use the threat of violence as an excuse to suppress legitimate constitutional rights and liberties."

Conyers warned against a "slow burn" that would do "what the fires of the World Trade Center and Pentagon could not - subversively destroying the foundation of our democracy."

Many groups are urging people to contact their Congressional representatives to insist they slow down and evaluate such legislation with "cooler heads" and ensure democratic rights.

Faxes can be sent to representative through the ACLU's website at www.aclu.org. Sample letters are available on the Electronic Frontier Foundation at www.eff.org

Photo: Numerous signs dotted Manhattan's walls, bus stops and subway entrances in the immediate aftermath of 9/11. (Israel Smith/PW)

Sept. 11, 2001 archives: Anthrax puts spotlight on health care crisis

Judith Le Blanc — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 14:30:00 -0400

(October 2001) The deaths of U.S. postal workers in Washington, D.C. and this week's discoveries of anthrax in locations around the country have set off a debate about the threat and the role the government should play in handling the crisis. The New York Times characterized the situation as a 'tangible fear of a mysterious germ.'

The growing numbers of people exposed and the lack of a coherent plan by federal and local governments to address people's concerns expose the fact that the richest nation in the world does not have an adequately funded, staffed or equipped public health system to respond to the threat of biological terrorism.

The Bush administration is asking for $300 million for local and state emergency bioterrorism response efforts out of a $1.6 billion emergency package being proposed to Congress. Unfortunately, the majority of the $1.6 billion is directed towards stockpiling Cipro, smallpox vaccine and other antibiotics.

At an Oct. 23 Congressional hearing, Rep. Tom Lantos, D-Calif., challenged the Bush proposal during Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson's testimony. Lantos challenged the idea that the $300 million was an inadequate response to the health crisis. "In a $10-trillion economy, haven't we the resources to protect the health of the people? Three hundred million amounts to $1.10 per person."

Lantos said a gradual increase in funding is not responsive to the crisis the people are facing.

Rep. Dennis Kucinich, D-Ohio, questioned the reasoning for not pursuing the five companies who are ready to produce the generic version of Cipro at 20 cents per tablet, compared with the $2 price from the Bayer Company, citing the laws that make it possible to do.

'You don't know me very well,' Thompson responded. 'I'm a very tough negotiator.'

Profits remain the bottom line in a time of crisis. The Bayer Company has been running full-page ads in The New York Times that say, 'We stand ready to support the U.S. government in providing Cipro to meet emergency needs.'

Mustering the necessary response to the anthrax threat and the dangers of bioterrorism is almost impossible, given the lack of long-term funding for public health needs. Some 43 million people without medical insurance, public hospital shutdowns and the privatizing of public clinics leave every community vulnerable.

The Washington Post reported that at the American Public Health Association's (APHA) annual meeting this week there was widespread criticism of the Bush administration response.

"Antibiotics and vaccine without staff and basic infrastructure is like putting Band-Aids on a huge wound," said Karen Krause, an Ohio health-care consultant and former public health officer.

"You can't just rent some people and drop them into a department' that does not have the training or technology to handle a biological or chemical attack," Krause said.

APHA Executive Director Mohammad Akhter said the administration's proposals are not adequate. "Of the nation's 3,000 public health agencies, at least 10 percent do not have e-mail; only 20 percent have developed plans to deal with a biological assault, and the vast majority are closed nights and weekends ... We need a billion dollars."

Not only is the health threat being mishandled, but the criminal investigation has not been a major factor in the response. Kucinich questioned Thompson on whether any anthrax was stolen in the last few weeks from government laboratories or were there other episodes that have not been reported. The response was typical of Congressional hearings: "To the best of my knowledge, it is not widespread, but the information is classified."

What has been painfully obvious is the lack of public statements by the Justice Department and the FBI voicing a commitment to finding those who sent anthrax through the mail as well as perpetrators of the hoaxes.

The Los Angeles Times and Washington Post have reported that 90 abortion clinics nationally have received envelopes with powder. Six of those clinics in Washington, D.C. had notes signed by the anti-abortion terrorist group, the Armies of God. The bioterrorism threat is both a domestic and an international issue.

The Bush administration has been making some statements that link the anthrax crisis with bin Laden and Sept. 11. The Wall Street Journal theorizes, 'It's clear that it's being produced by someone with more advanced technology and skills than originally estimated.' Justice Department officials called it 'professional grade' anthrax.

No matter who is conducting terrorism - domestic or international - it is a crime against humanity. The full weight of the rule of law must be utilized to bring an end to the fear and uncertainty. National security will largely be determined by finding those who are guilty for Sept. 11 and for the anthrax attacks. We need to know by whom and how these criminal acts were carried out.

War can't solve the threat of terrorism alone. What people need is a coordinated response by the government that will guarantee health and safety and provide the funding for it and the assurance that law enforcement agencies will pursue those who are committing these acts, whether pranks or real anthrax episodes.

Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge, at an Oct. 18 roundtable at the White House, said, 'We are going to go after these people ... and I hope we get a ton of them. I hope we throw them in jail, and we ought to throw away the key.' This crisis should not be used as an excuse to toss out our civil liberties and the laws that govern the prosecution of those who commit criminal acts.

Kucinich summarized the approach needed during the subcommittee hearings on bioterrorism. 'The country needs joint efforts by all the government agencies. We need to give a sense of security by having disaster plans. We need to give peace of mind that the government is working to deal with events,' said Kucinich.

'We need money immediately to have the capacity to respond to the crisis,' Akhter told MSNBC, 'to think in a forward [way] to deal with the health needs of the people.'

Sept. 11, 2001 archives: Facing the future from Ground Zero

Judith Le Blanc — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 16:07:00 -0400

NEW YORK CITY - In moments of natural disaster people come together to respond. Yet the destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) is not a natural disaster, like a tornado or earthquake. It is a political disaster, an international disaster, a human tragedy that moves people to respond. Many are worried about where humanity will go from here.

"I live in Brooklyn Heights and saw the whole thing. It was horrible," said Dina, a volunteer at the Armory at 26th Street and Lexington Ave., where the families of the missing are gathering.

"I had to come in and help. I want to try to do some translation work. I speak Spanish. There's a lot of Spanish-speaking people there but they could use some French, Italian and Filipino translators because there are all nationalities."

Around the city, flags are flying from windows, in storefronts, on cabs and trucks. U.S. flags are flying side by side with Puerto Rican, Mexican and Irish flags.

On street corners and doorsteps in neighborhoods around Manhattan burning candles stand as small monuments to hope and peace. Tens of thousands have participated in candlelight vigils. It's a city coming to terms with one of the most horrific events in U.S. history.

The crowds that gather at "command central" at the Jacob Javits Center are Latino, Black and white, Arab, Asian and American Indian, immigrants and citizens. Many are skilled workers wearing T-shirts of the Electrical workers, Ironworkers or Laborers unions. They have the skills to excavate the ruins of the WTC.

Firefighters, police emergency technicians, doctors and nurses are also there. Many are young, looking for a way to share the burden of this atrocity by doing the small tasks of handling donated supplies and cooking food. All volunteers are wearing pieces of tape as makeshift name tags. There is a sense of community here.

Bucket brigades of 20-30 people move shovels, socks, bottled water and paper towels into piles. Bags of dog food are a reminder of the continuing hope that search dogs will find survivors under the rubble.

Workers in hardhats stand in the middle of the West Side Highway directing the traffic of trucks and heavy equipment. Food and drink are being served up and down the sidewalks to the thousands of volunteers.

"I'm an electrician - jack of all trades, master of none - like everybody else," said Lee, a member of International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 3 from Queens. "We're just here to help and do whatever we can. Move rubble and whatever else they need us to do. It's a little frustrating ..."

"My friend James has been down there for three days. It's ugly, it's like a war, just be prepared," he continued. "You gotta go down there to save some people you hope."

"This is the most horrendous thing I've seen in my life, just unnecessary carnage and pain," said Barry, a laborer from Manhattan.

"We've got to stop passing the pain around. We've got a history full of this. All throughout time," he said.

"We don't have to wait around for the next species of man to show up, we can do it now! Really! Same old stuff, different century."

"Yesterday, [seeing] the fire trucks come by here with the firemen in them, people were applauding and screaming and waving the flags ... My skin just got goose bumps," Jimmy, a laborer from Elizabeth, N.J., said.

"The firemen were just covered with ash," Jimmy continued. "And you had firemen from Michigan, and everywhere ... they couldn't fly, so they drove. People from Oklahoma, California, all ethnic backgrounds - not one problem. If anything, it's been very uplifting, to help bring back some solidarity to this country." (Story continues after slideshow.)

The sense of urgency and frustration about whether they get to use their skills to help could be seen on their faces as they anxiously wait for their name to be called for assignments at Ground Zero. Many have set aside their own lives and made tremendous sacrifices to fight for the chance to save lives.

"You can't even talk about it, it's bad," one of the millwrights told us as he walked away, head down and covered in soot. "You don't see half of it on the news."

Urban search and rescue teams have come from 15 countries. Teams have also come from places like Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. One of them was Wendell, who had organized an American Indian team made up of police officers, EMTs and firefighters.

"We had a big disaster down in our town a couple of years ago. A lot of people came to help out from different areas, so we decided to give something back ... People are willing to help out any way they can with this," Wendell said.

"None of this racism and stuff should be going on. Look how much people are helping each other," he said. "Nobody even cares what color you are anymore when something like this happens."

People of all races and nationalities were in the WTC when the planes hit. Some 700 Arabs are believed to be among the missing, according to some reports.

"My biggest fear ... is all the ethnic attacks on the Muslim community and also the southeast Asian community ... it's a tragedy what's happened in the World Trade Center, but this could escalate [into] other incidents of human rights violations," said one volunteer from New York City.

The most important message for the American government to give its people "is that we need to stand strong and unite," another worker said.

The world and our country will never be the same. As each day passes, new thinking about the whys and hows will emerge. The volunteers' dramatic response will be recorded, especially as a part of a massive upsurge of social action, which is the essence of democracy and empowerment.

A week after the attack, many of the skilled volunteer workers were being utilized as support personnel as larger heavy equipment construction companies with union employees are brought into the search and rescue area. The disaster is far from over, with more than 5,000 still missing and presumed dead, but life in Manhattan is struggling towards normalcy.

The New York Times interviewed CEOs to capture what they termed "their wisdom" on how to handle this catastrophic event. It reported, "Four basic truisms: be calm, tell the truth, put people before business, then get back to business as soon as possible."

The volunteers shared their wisdom with the World this week. Their basic truisms: Unity and solidarity can make us stronger. Mourning is not a cry for vengeance. Together we have to find a way out of the crisis. The Ground Zero solidarity can be turned toward the problems we will face in the days to come.

"The president said we're at war now. We don't want to become the people that we're dealing with now," said Nancy, who was holding a sign of appreciation for the Ground Zero crew.

A student from Oakwood College in Huntsville, Ala. said, "Yes, we believe that justice should be served, but you can't shed innocent blood because if we do, we become just like them. And if we become like them, then they are the ones that win."

Hector, a laborer from the Bronx, said, "Well, if I had the power, first [I'd] find out who did it and have sanctions against them - not go and bomb - because innocent people are going to die. Two wrongs don't make a right."

Photo: New Yorkers light candles for the victims of the Sept. 11 attacks. (Israel Smith/PW)

Edie Fishman: Lifelong fighter for the working class

Special to the World — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 11:58:00 -0400

Baub Bidon wrote the poem, "Edie," for Edie Fishman on the occasion of her 90th birthday. Bidon performed the poem (see below) at her party, which was attended by sixty people including elected officials, union leaders, Young Communist League and Communist Party comrades from Connecticut and New Jersey.

Edie was born on July 22, 1921 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the daughter of immigrants. She joined the Young Communist League at age 14 during the height of the Great Depression. She remains an active member and leader of the Communist Party to this day. She was a "Rosie the Riveter," working in the shipyard in Camden, New Jersey during WW II. Her recollections are represented in the Rosie the Riveter National Historical Park in California. She later completed her education and became a high school art teacher in New Jersey. She also received a congressional citation for her work with her students for peace. She received over 5,000 votes as a candidate for Freeholder. She and George, her husband of 67 years until his passing in 2009, moved to New Haven's Wooster Square neighborhood in 1995. Edie carries on their lifelong commitment and contribution to equality, peace and social justice.

Edie

By Baub Bidon

Her sincere eyes smile at the rivers of

people holding hands to the union of one song

Singing...

we are the union, the mighty mighty union...

no justice! no peace!

Her peaceful feet marched out the belly of nineteen-twenty-one,

born to rally, she organized, helped to unionize for social change,

changing the conditions of yesterday,

to make our fight today a bit more easier,

she ought to know, how far her ripples in those puddles flowed

the storm in her sneakers shouted loud in New York

to end the war in Iraq, and bring the troops back

she... did that

fighting for the rights of the working class

si se puede

and yes we did

Edie...

You beautiful sun flower of a woman

Budding hope from your womb

Like tulips

Giving birth to revolution

You are the move in our movement

Humble enough to not want this poem to be about you

But the truth is... had there been an absence of you

There would be no Joelle,

no Weekly World,

no Amina Baraka at the Peoples Center,

no me passing a letter, to recite poetry

no New Haven YCL

no free 2 spit

your fight was worth the struggle

that makes this poem relevant

so sit back and enjoy the ride like freedom

like Selma's passion

at a Montgomery speech

or the walk on Washington...

Like the sit ins

The boycotts

Brown versus the board of education

like Ruby Bridges escorted to her classroom

with police bodyguards

the first person of color integrated into the curriculum

justice for Sacco and Vanzetti

like free the Cuban 5

free Huey

free Mumia

and hands off Assata

sit back and enjoy your smile

...enjoy it like we do

pat yourself on the back

and continue,

to let that sun shine from your eyes

who we are... so we tell them

no justice, no peace

no racist police

let freedom ring, let freedom ring

thank God all mighty, we are free at last

Photo: Edie Fishman, left, with her daughter Joelle.

Members of Congress say: Leave Iraq this year

Marilyn Bechtel — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 11:35:00 -0400

Ninety-three members of the U.S. House of Representatives have signed a letter to President Obama urging complete withdrawal of U.S. forces and contractors from Iraq by the end of this year, as pledged in the Status of Forces Agreement signed with Iraq's government during the Bush administration.

The letter, dated July 27, was initiated by U.S. Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Calif., and Rep. Walter Jones, R-N.C. Three of Jones' Republican colleagues - Reps. Jimmy Duncan, Tenn., Tim Johnson, Ill., and Ron Paul, Texas - are among the signers.

The letter reads, in part:

We are writing to urge you to hold to our nation's Status of Forces Agreement with the government of Iraq that commits our nation to bringing all of our troops and military contractors home at the end of this calendar year.

The American people have made it clear that the war in Iraq must end. By wide and overwhelming margins, Americans approve of your plan to remove all the troops from Iraq by the end of this year.

We are deeply concerned to learn that your administration is considering plans to keep potentially thousands of U.S. troops in Iraq beyond the end of this year. Extending our presence in Iraq is counterproductive - the Iraqi people do not support our continued occupation. Remaining in Iraq would only strengthen the perception that we are an occupying force with no intention of leaving Iraq.

Leaving troops and military contractors in Iraq beyond the deadline is not in our country's security interests, it is not in our nation's strategic interests, and it is not in our nation's economic interests.

The Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) was signed by the Bush administration and the Iraqi government in November 2008. While it commits the U.S. to withdraw all forces by the end of this year, it contains an escape clause: "... subject to possible further negotiations which could delay withdrawal ..."

Less than 50,000 U.S. troops now remain in Iraq. The Pentagon has been encouraging the Iraqi government to ask for an extension of their presence.

In May, before leaving the office of Secretary of Defense, Robert Gates said he favored extending the U.S. presence. "All I can say is, from the standpoint of Iraq's future but also our role in the region, I hope they figure out a way to ask," he said.

Earlier this month, on his first visit to Iraq, current Defense Secretary Leon Panetta declared the U.S. would have an "enduring presence" in the Middle East, and said he would like the decision-making process "to move a lot faster here ... Dammit, make a decision!"

Meanwhile, earlier this month 100 Iraqi lawmakers signed a petition to the Iraqi government demanding U.S. troops leave their country by the end of this year, as scheduled.

Photo: U.S. soldier trains Iraqi police, via U.S. Army.

Washington's physics problem in Iraq

Chris Toensing — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 17:11:00 -0400

The Joint Chiefs of Staff, says its chairman Adm. Mike Mullen, has a "physics problem."

According to a 2008 accord between the United States and Iraq, the U.S. military is to be evacuated from Mesopotamia - down to the last tank mechanic and dishwasher - by the close of the calendar year. Lately there have been hints that Iraq might want a "residual force" of as many as 12,000 troops to stay, but nothing firm.

Hence Mullen's dilemma: How does the Pentagon plan for withdrawing its personnel and equipment when it doesn't know for sure how many soldiers will be leaving? There are only so many C-130s to load and so much time in which to load them.

In Iraq, this question is a burning political issue, one that could threaten the government of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki.

Maliki has invested major political capital promising to end the U.S. occupation in accordance with the 2008 pact, telling The Wall Street Journal in December, "This agreement is not subject to extension, not subject to alteration. It is sealed." His ruling coalition is fragile, and key partners intend to hold him to that promise.

But there's precious little debate in Washington on the date for withdrawal. Even though President Barack Obama campaigned on a pledge to leave Iraq, his administration isn't telling Maliki that the troops are decamping come what may.

To the contrary, the White House puts out regular signals that thousands of soldiers would stay if Iraq "requests" it. The feelers are so frequent that Obama seems to be asking Iraq to request that Washington extend its military sojourn.

In fact, there's growing bipartisan consensus that a prolonged "residual" occupation of Iraq is a good thing. Republican presidential candidates, eager to attack Obama on Afghanistan and Libya, say next to nothing about Iraq. The unreconstructed neoconservatives quietly advising most of them proclaim in public that departure from Iraq is premature. Most Democrats are content to silently follow the White House.

The Obama administration and the Maliki government, each for its own reasons, are both hedging the bet they made when they signed the withdrawal timetable. Washington wagered that Maliki would widen his coalition to embrace enough political opponents that his government would be stable without an American prop. The Iraqi premier gambled that, with U.S. funding and training, his security forces would grow strong enough to defeat his domestic foes by the end of 2011.

Both bets were foolish, but Washington's was more so. Maliki and his circle have no serious record of conciliatory politics, and indeed have played upon and exacerbated the country's sectarian, ethnic, and ideological divides to remain in office. In such partisan maneuvers, they have felt secure in the knowledge that tens of thousands of heavily armed Americans are their formidable first line of defense. Theirs is a high-risk game, however, and they are giving every indication they still want their praetorian guard.

Ultimately, Obama's vow notwithstanding, neither Democrats nor Republicans are likely to say no if Iraqi politicians wish to cling to thousands of American protectors or so for years to come. The reason isn't physics, but geology - the voluminous pools of oil lying underground in Iraq and neighboring countries. American politicians as different as Jimmy Carter and Dick Cheney have long believed that the United States must project force in the petroleum-rich Persian Gulf for the sake of the world economy and Washington's superpower status. The costs have been secondary in their calculations, and the mainstream media does not probe too deeply into areas where both major parties concur.

In Iraq, this ill-advised consensus has thus far cost Americans some $780 billion, taken nearly 4,500 American lives, and severely wounded an additional 22,000 men and women - to say nothing of the greatly higher tallies of killed and maimed Iraqis. In 2011 and 2012, it will be up to ordinary Americans to compel, at long last, an honest national conversation about Iraq.

Chris Toensing is editor of Middle East Report, published by the Middle East Research and Information Project. This article originally appeared in Other Words, a project of the Institute for Policy Studies. Photo via the U.S. Army.

From Maine to Cuba, travelers with a purpose

Special to the World — Mon, 27 Jun 2011 10:28:00 -0400

NORWAY, Maine - People in this central Maine town will be giving a July 1 send-off to three Mainers heading off to Cuba next week. Under the auspices of the Maine group Let Cuba Live and Pastors for Peace, they are taking humanitarian supplies donated from Maine and Quebec.

Two days later another send-off will be held July 3 in the coastal town of Brunswick. Honored guests at the event will be Maria Cron from Portland and her two daughters Heather and Crystal. They will be joining others from throughout the United States traveling to Cuba with the Pastors for Peace Friendshipment Caravan. They will be traveling across the U.S. along several routes aboard trucks and buses to be given to Cuba filled with donated aid material.

Celebrations and send-off events are taking place around the country. For a list, see the Pastors for Peace website.

At the Brunswick event, boxes from Maine and Quebec will be loaded on vehicles for delivery to a converted bus that is heading south to a rendezvous in McAllen, Texas, en route to Cuba. The Brunswick-Trinidad Sister City Association has donated medications, bicycle parts, and tools for the Friendshipment.

The three Maine travelers eventually will arrive in Tampico, Mexico, where they will help put the supplies into a Cuban ship and go on to Cuba for a week of educational and solidarity activities.

Let Cuba Live has supported the caravans ever since they began in 1992. In sending donated humanitarian supplies to the island, the national faith-based organization Pastors for Peace, together with caravan participants, protests the U.S. Cuban economic blockade, in effect now for half a century. Those involved see that policy as immoral and illegal. The Friendshipment Caravans, joined each year by well over 100 supporters, travel to Cuba in the tradition of non-violent civil disobedience. "You don't need to ask permission to help out a neighbor," Pastors for Peace founder Rev. Lucius Walker once remarked.

Let Cuba Live of Maine is sponsoring the July 1 and 3 events. Let Cuba Live is a long-term supporter of the Friendshipments, and members of the Maine group have been gathering donated supplies for this year's effort. On July 2 they will travel to northern Vermont to collect aid material that solidarity activists in Quebec are sending to Cuba with the Friendshipment.

Crystal Cron, who recently graduated from Suffolk University in Boston, says she is also going to Cuba in part to learn about possibly studying at the Latin American School of Medicine in Havana. Presently 125 U.S. students are receiving a free medical education there. Every year, 1,500 new doctors from over 30 countries graduate from the school, established in 1998.

Tom Whitney, local organizer for Let Cuba Live, says the Friday, July 1, event at Christ Church in Norway, Me., is a good way to usher in the holiday weekend. Those on hand for the 6 p.m. celebration will be served a Cuban/Peruvian meal and, significantly, says Whitney, Maria Cron's highly acclaimed flan. A program will follow of music, brief remarks, and a showing of the remarkable Cuban film "People to People." That film documents the work of Pastors for Peace and the history of the Friendshipments.

The Sunday, July 3, Brunswick send-off is set for 2-4 p.m. at the "Gazebo" on Maine Street. Organizers says the gathering will feature music, a short program, refreshments and enthusiasm.

At both events there will be an opportunity to make donations to help with the travelers' expenses and costs of sending aid material.

For information about Pastors for Peace and the Caravans, go to www.pastorsforpeace.org. For more information about the Maine events or Let Cuba Live, call (207) 443-2899.

Photo: Participants in a previous Friendshipment Caravan mingle with Cubans in Havana. IFCO/Pastors for Peace

Real peace and fake doves

PW Editorial Board — Fri, 24 Jun 2011 12:17:00 -0400

In President Obama's speech Wednesday night, he charted a course to end the U.S. combat role in Afghanistan over the next three years, beginning next month. He said that starting in July, 10,000 troops will be brought home this year, and another 23,000 by next summer, ending the "surge" that he ordered in 2009. That will leave about 70,000 U.S. troops who, he said, will "continue coming home at a steady pace," with a handover of security responsibilities to the Afghan people "complete by 2014."

The president reportedly was pressed by some within the administration and among the military brass for a smaller, slower troop pullout. The fact that he rejected that pressure is an important step in the right direction.

But the somewhat quicker pace he has announced, in line with his earlier pledges, is cautious indeed, and there will be ongoing pressures to stop or slow even this withdrawal plan. Moreover, he left vague what role the U.S. military will play in Afghanistan once the "security handover" ends in 2014. This reminds us of the situation in Iraq right now. In both cases, public pressure will be essential to ensure that all the troops are brought home, including special forces and the like, and that the mammoth U.S. military bases in those countries are shut down and handed over to the people of those countries.

Meanwhile, with their eyes on 2012, Republicans - the military industrial complex's best friends - are trying to position themselves as peaceniks.

But these Republican wolves in doves' clothing are silent about a key point President Obama addressed in his speech: "Over the last decade, we have spent a trillion dollars on war, at a time of rising debt and hard economic times. Now, we must invest in America's greatest resource - our people."

He spoke of the need to "unleash innovation that creates new jobs and industries" and to "rebuild our infrastructure and find new and clean sources of energy."

American taxpayers are spending $120 billion on the Afghanistan war just for this year. With the beginning of the end of that war, how will the billions be used?

On Monday, the nation's mayors called on the president and Congress to "redirect military spending to domestic priorities."

The mayors called for bringing the Afghanistan and Iraq war dollars "home to meet vital human needs, promote job creation, rebuild our infrastructure, aid municipal and state governments, and develop a new economy based upon renewable, sustainable energy and reduce the federal debt."

Will the Republican sudden converts to peace sign on to that?

Most Americans will, if we get the word out. Share this article with others, talk to your neighbor, your co-worker, friends and family, contact your senators and representative, join a group, get involved, build the movement.

Photo: Jayel Aheram CC 2.0

Peace leader: Obama pullout speech a beginning to build on

Tim Wheeler — Thu, 23 Jun 2011 14:25:00 -0400

Judith LeBlanc, field director of Peace Action, the 100,000-member national peace organization, said President Obama reflected the views of a majority when he called for "nation-building here at home" in his June 22 speech announcing troop withdrawals from Afghanistan.

"The withdrawal of troops he announced is a beginning which the peace movement must and will build on," LeBlanc said. "Without our efforts in the last few weeks we may have had only the troop withdrawals the Pentagon is willing to accept, about 5,000 troops."

"Some of the reactions to President Obama's speech have diminished what we have been able to do thus far and what our next steps must be," she added. "Unfortunately too many on the left are carping about the speech as though Obama was the president of the peace movement and disappointed us."

Yet, she added, the president "missed an opportunity" in limiting the withdrawal to only 10,000 troops this year and an additional 23,000 by September 2012. That will still leave 70,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan at a cost of about $100 billion a year, she noted.

"The human and economic cost of this war can no longer be tolerated," she said.

Opposition to the war in Afghanistan is now a clear majority, 56 percent in the most recent poll, she added. Twenty-seven U.S. senators signed a letter to the president urging a speedy exit from Afghanistan. The House of Representatives cast the largest number of votes yet for a rapid troop withdrawal. Those calling for a quicker withdrawal include prominent liberal and centrist Democrats. They also include Republicans, some of whom seem to think they can make an election issue out of it.

LeBlanc noted that the U.S. Conference of Mayors meeting in Baltimore, June 20, just two days before the president's speech, approved overwhelmingly a "Bring the troops home! Bring the war dollars home" resolution. The mayors urged that the $126 billion spent in Afghanistan be redirected to U.S. cities hammered with double-digit joblessness and devastating budget cuts.

In his speech last night, Obama acknowledged the frustration among taxpayers that the U.S. is building schools, hospitals, and bridges in Kandahar but not in Baltimore.

"We have spent a trillion dollars on war at a time of rising debt and hard economic times," the president said. "America, it is time to focus on nation-building here at home."

LeBlanc noted that continuing a large troop presence for another few years will make that focus difficult. "If we are paying $10 billion a month for war, it will be impossible to create jobs and fund our communities," she said. She noted that Rep. Barbara Lee, a California Democrat, has announced plans to introduce a bill to defund the war in Afghanistan when the House returns from its July 4 recess.

LeBlanc debunked the line of Republican - and some Democratic - deficit hawks who want to slash Social Security, Medicare, and other safety net programs in the name of deficit reduction, leaving military spending uncut.

"We don't have a deficit crisis," she said. "We have a revenue crisis. A majority of the people think the deficits were created by the wars and by tax cuts for the corporations and the rich, and they are right!" In addition to stopping the war drain on our nation's budget, she said, it's time to increase taxes on the corporations and the wealthy."

In addition to the "Bring the troops and war dollars home" resolution, the mayors approved a nuclear non-proliferation resolution urging Congress to terminate funding for a new generation of nuclear weapons. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, urging passage of the two resolutions, told the mayors the "road to peace goes through cities and towns around the world."

"It was an historic action by the mayors" LeBlanc said, pointing out that it is the first stand on a foreign policy issue by the U.S. Conference of Mayors since 1971, when the mayors called for an end to the war in Vietnam.

It shows how important it is to have the peace movement and members of Congress speaking out against the war, she said. "Without our efforts in the last few weeks we may have had only the troop withdrawals the Pentagon is willing to accept, about 5,000 troops. We're claiming this as a victory but we've got to work even harder to get a even more substantial withdrawal and even more robust support for a diplomatic solution in Afghanistan."

Troop withdrawals are one side of the story, she said. "The other side is that without reconciliation there will be no end to this war. That means drawing in the countries of the region" to seek a negotiated end to the war.

"At this point, the Pentagon believes more casualties, more combat, strengthens the U.S. negotiating position. It means that more Afghan people, more U.S. soldiers will die, when in fact there is no military solution in Afghanistan."

Turning to the U.S. political scene, LeBlanc said the 2012 elections, including President Obama's campaign, "offer opportunities to educate and work with folks to raise the volume on the problem of wars and war spending," and to link it to funding human needs, jobs creation and a green economy.

"The peace movement has the best environment in a long time to organize a peace vote in the 2012 elections," she said. "The worst thing we could do would be to sit on the sidelines. Voter registration and education, issue forums with candidates, Democratic Party delegate briefings - there are huge opportunities to go beyond our choir."

Photo: President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden hold an economic meeting with senior advisors in the White House, June 21, the day before the president's speech on Afghanistan. (Official White House Photo by Pete Souza)

Bring them home, for Afghans' future and ours

Marilyn Bechtel — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 14:01:00 -0400

As the world awaits President Obama's June 22 announcement about withdrawing U.S. troops from Afghanistan, an intense debate is taking place within the administration about how, and how quickly, to start the drawdown.

But developments at home and in Afghanistan point in one direction: the urgency of making a significant down payment on the troops' safe return home. Opposition is escalating to a conflict that has already cost the lives of over 1,500 U.S. troops and countless civilians, and has a $100 billion-per-year price tag.

The weekend saw a diplomatic firestorm. Afghan President Hamid Karzai lashed out at the foreign troop presence in his country. As he confirmed for the first time long-persistent reports of Afghan and U.S. meetings with the Taliban, he declared, "The nations of the world which are here in our country are here for their own national interests. They are using our country."

Departing U.S. Ambassador Karl Eikenberry slapped back, expressing anger that U.S. forces were being "compared to occupiers" and claiming the U.S. "has never sought to occupy any nation in the world."

Karzai has become more and more outspoken with such denunciations. Late last month, after an airstrike killed 14 civilians including children, he warned that with more such incidents, foreign troops would be seen as "a force that is fighting against the people of Afghanistan." "And in that case," he said, "history shows what Afghans do with trespassers and with occupiers."

Meanwhile, despite the presence of 140,000 foreign troops - 100,000 of them from the U.S. - the military situation remains highly unstable, with gains in one area offset by losses in others, and Afghan forces far from ready to take the lead.

While the U.S. military claims success for its counterinsurgency campaign in southern Afghanistan, it is careful to call the gains "fragile and reversible."

Armed insurgents are able to mount attacks even in Kabul, the capital city, and incidents continue of Afghan soldiers and police turning on their mentors with deadly results.

At home, opposition to the war continues to grow. A CNN/Opinion Research poll earlier this month showed 62 percent of Americans opposing it, and nearly three-quarters wanting some or all troops withdrawn.

Following up the U.S. House of Representatives' near-passage last month of a bipartisan amendment for a pull-out timetable and completion date, in mid-June a bipartisan group of 27 senators called on Obama to start a major pullout of troops. The group included 24 liberal and centrist Democrats - 10 of them committee chairs - along with two Republicans and one independent. Among them were Democratic Caucus leaders Dick Durbin, Ill. and Charles Schumer, N.Y., along with fellow Democrats Max Baucus, Mont. and Kent Conrad, N.D. Republican signers were Mike Lee, Utah and Rand Paul, Ky.

"We write to express our strong support for a shift in strategy and the beginning of a sizable and sustained reduction of U.S. military forces in Afghanistan, beginning in July 2011," they said. "There are those who argue that rather than reduce our forces, we should maintain a significant number of troops in order to support a lengthy counterinsurgency and nation-building effort. This is misguided."

Speculation is rampant about the size of the withdrawal Obama will announce. Predictions range from a Pentagon proposal of 5,000 to withdrawal of the 30,000 "surge" troops within a year.

But even the higher guesstimates are far too low for many. In a letter, U.S. Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Calif., last week said withdrawing even 30,000 would not be enough.

"A more 'significant' and reasonable goal would be the withdrawal of 50,000 combat troops," she wrote. "Delaying a significant and sizable reduction of U.S. forces in Afghanistan would be unacceptable and would not reflect the will of the people."

Reflecting the dire predicament of the nation's cities after rampant federal and state funding cuts for human needs, the U.S. Conference of Mayors June 20 adopted a "Bring Our War Dollars Home" resolution calling for a quick end to the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and a shift of funds to domestic needs. Organizers said the conference had not urged an end to a military engagement since the Vietnam War.

So what would follow the exodus of foreign military forces from Afghanistan?

One thing everyone agrees on is the need for all-around support for the troops when they come home. This must include many-sided help for victims of post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as traumatic brain and other injuries. The Obama administration has significantly improved the treatment of veterans; they will need much more help in coming years.

As for Afghanistan itself, that part of the insurgency that primarily opposes the foreign troop presence is likely to fade significantly. Withdrawal of foreign troops will be essential to successful talks with the armed insurgency.

As conflict recedes, help in rebuilding a shattered economy, bringing displaced people home and helping them reconstruct their lives, and needed security assistance, will best come from international organizations including the United Nations.

Afghans themselves will have to curb the destructive power of warlords and corrupt political leaders, and decide how to rebuild their shattered land. In many places civil society is ready to take on those roles - to engage in real nation-building - as armed conflict recedes.

Photo: Afghan children play soccer in front of the war-damaged Darul Aman Palace in the suburbs of Kabul, Afghanistan, June 8. Gemunu Amarasinghe/AP